What describes triangulation in intelligence analysis?

• A. Use multiple independent sources or methods to confirm a finding
• B. Rely on a single primary source
• C. Use only open-source data
• D. Determine findings by consensus without data

Answer: (B)

Triangulation in intelligence analysis is the practice of cross-checking a finding against multiple independent sources or methods to confirm it. The idea is to seek convergence from diverse inputs so that the conclusion stands up to different angles of scrutiny, not just what one source says. By combining varying data types and analytic approaches—such as human intelligence, signals, imagery, and open-source information, or employing different techniques like trend analysis and pattern matching—and then comparing the results, analysts increase confidence and reduce the risk of error or bias from any single source.

Relying on a single primary source doesn’t provide corroboration; triangu lation relies on multiple, independent inputs. Using only open-source data can be informative but isn’t in itself triangulation, since it may omit other critical sources. Reaching findings by consensus without data lacks the evidentiary basis that triangulation requires.